Taḥrīrāt التحريرات
Some readers are transmitted with more than one sound way of reading a rule — a khulf, each option a wajh. When two such rules meet in one āyah, the awjuh do not combine freely. Warsh has three lengths of madd al-badal and two ways with the dhawāt al-yāʾ, but only four of the six pairings were ever transmitted.
The taḥrīrāt are the rules that say which pairings stand. Two principles sit alongside them. A wajh, once chosen, holds for the whole recitation: fatḥ at one مُوسَىٰ and taqlīl at the next is not a reading. And when three rules meet, the permitted combinations are those that satisfy every pairwise table at once.
Two kinds of khulf matter here. In khilāf wājib the awjuh come down different lines of transmission, and a complete recitation for ijāzah takes every one. In khilāf jāʾiz the choice is the reciter’s, and any one wajh is enough. The muqaddam is the wajh recited first. Teachers differ on it, and each card says where its choice comes from.
Only taḥrīrāt stated in the text collated so far are given here. Every table is awaiting sign-off by a qualified teacher and is marked that way until it has one.
All ten readings
One restriction binds every reader: how a word is paused on limits how long the madd before it may be held.
al-madd al-ʿāriḍ li-l-sukūn
المدّ العارض للسكونuṣūlA madd letter before a consonant silenced only by the pause
- القصرqaṣr · short (2)muqaddam
- التوسطtawassuṭ · medium (4)
- الطولṭūl · long (6)
خلاف جائز khilāf jāʾiz — the reciter's choice — one wajh suffices · at a pause (waqf)
kayfiyyat al-waqf
كيفية الوقفuṣūlHow the last letter is silenced at a pause
- الإسكانiskān · plain sukūnmuqaddam
- الإشمامishmām · lips rounded, no sound (ḍammah only)
- الرومrawm · a third of the vowel sounded
خلاف جائز khilāf jāʾiz — the reciter's choice — one wajh suffices · at a pause (waqf)
The qirāʾah of Nāfiʿ
قراءة نافعQālūn ʿan Nāfiʿقالون عن نافع
mīm al-jamʿ
ميم الجمعuṣūlThe plural mīm before a consonant
- الإسكانiskān · left silent, as Ḥafṣmuqaddam
- الصلةṣilah · joined with a wāw
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in continuous reading (waṣl)
al-madd al-munfaṣil
المدّ المنفصلuṣūlA madd letter ending one word before a hamzah beginning the next
- القصرqaṣr · short (2)muqaddam
- التوسطtawassuṭ · medium (4)
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in continuous reading (waṣl)
Primary reading — the muqaddam
- iskānmīm al-jamʿ
- qaṣral-madd al-munfaṣil
No restriction between these is recorded: every pairing is read, so the combinations are simply their product.
An āyah carrying mīm al-jamʿ, al-madd al-munfaṣil: 4 ways — every pairing. Worked out from the tables above, not listed by hand — each line is recited in turn, in this order.
- 1iskān mīm al-jamʿ · qaṣr al-madd al-munfaṣil
- 2iskān mīm al-jamʿ · tawassuṭ al-madd al-munfaṣil
- 3ṣilah mīm al-jamʿ · qaṣr al-madd al-munfaṣil
- 4ṣilah mīm al-jamʿ · tawassuṭ al-madd al-munfaṣil
Warsh ʿan Nāfiʿورش عن نافعṭarīq al-Azraq
madd al-badal
مدّ البدلuṣūlA madd letter after a hamzah — ءَامَنُوا۟ إِيمَٰنࣰا أُوتُوا۟
- القصرqaṣr · short (2)
- التوسطtawassuṭ · medium (4)
- الطولṭūl · long (6)muqaddam
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in waṣl and waqf alike
dhawāt al-yāʾ
ذوات الياءuṣūlA final alif that was originally yāʾ — مُوسَىٰ ٱلْهُدَىٰ أَعْمَىٰ
- الفتحfatḥ · plain alif
- التقليلtaqlīl · half-inclined alifmuqaddam
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in waṣl and waqf alike
madd al-līn al-mahmūz
مدّ اللين المهموزuṣūlA soft wāw or yāʾ before a hamzah in the same word — شَىْءࣲ سَوْءَةَ
- التوسطtawassuṭ · medium (4)
- الطولṭūl · long (6)muqaddam
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in waṣl and waqf alike
al-lām baʿd al-ṣād qabl alif dhāt yāʾ
اللام بعد الصاد قبل ألف ذات ياءfarshA lām after ṣād, followed by an alif from yāʾ that is not an āyah-end
- التغليظtaghlīẓ · heavy lāmmuqaddam
- الترقيقtarqīq · light lām
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in waṣl and waqf alike
Primary reading — the muqaddam
- ṭūlmadd al-badal
- taqlīldhawāt al-yāʾ
- ṭūlmadd al-līn al-mahmūz
- tarqīqal-lām baʿd al-ṣād qabl alif dhāt yāʾ— follows from taqlīl dhawāt al-yāʾ; its own muqaddam, taghlīẓ, is not read with it
- ṭūlal-madd al-ʿāriḍ li-l-sukūn(at a pause)— follows from ṭūl madd al-badal; its own muqaddam, qaṣr, is not read with it
| madd al-badal ↓ · dhawāt al-yāʾ → | fatḥ الفتح | taqlīl التقليل |
|---|---|---|
| qaṣr القصر | ✓ | — |
| tawassuṭ التوسط | — | ✓ |
| ṭūl الطول | ✓ | ✓ |
| madd al-badal ↓ · madd al-līn al-mahmūz → | tawassuṭ التوسط | ṭūl الطول |
|---|---|---|
| qaṣr القصر | ✓ | — |
| tawassuṭ التوسط | ✓ | — |
| ṭūl الطول | ✓ | ✓ |
| madd al-badal ↓ · al-madd al-ʿāriḍ li-l-sukūn → | qaṣr القصر | tawassuṭ التوسط | ṭūl الطول |
|---|---|---|---|
| qaṣr القصر | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| tawassuṭ التوسط | — | ✓ | ✓ |
| ṭūl الطول | — | — | ✓ |
Spelled out in the notes at 2:14.
| dhawāt al-yāʾ ↓ · al-lām baʿd al-ṣād qabl alif dhāt yāʾ → | taghlīẓ التغليظ | tarqīq الترقيق |
|---|---|---|
| fatḥ الفتح | ✓ | — |
| taqlīl التقليل | — | ✓ |
Spelled out in the notes at 2:125.
An āyah carrying madd al-badal, dhawāt al-yāʾ, madd al-līn al-mahmūz: 6 ways, not 12. Worked out from the tables above, not listed by hand — each line is recited in turn, in this order.
- 1qaṣr madd al-badal · fatḥ dhawāt al-yāʾ · tawassuṭ madd al-līn al-mahmūz
- 2tawassuṭ madd al-badal · taqlīl dhawāt al-yāʾ · tawassuṭ madd al-līn al-mahmūz
- 3ṭūl madd al-badal · fatḥ dhawāt al-yāʾ · tawassuṭ madd al-līn al-mahmūz
- 4ṭūl madd al-badal · fatḥ dhawāt al-yāʾ · ṭūl madd al-līn al-mahmūz
- 5ṭūl madd al-badal · taqlīl dhawāt al-yāʾ · tawassuṭ madd al-līn al-mahmūz
- 6ṭūl madd al-badal · taqlīl dhawāt al-yāʾ · ṭūl madd al-līn al-mahmūz
The qirāʾah of Ibn Kathīr
قراءة ابن كثيرNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of Abū ʿAmr
قراءة أبو عمروNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of Ibn ʿĀmir
قراءة ابن عامرNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of ʿĀṣim
قراءة عاصمNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of Ḥamzah
قراءة حمزةKhalaf ʿan Ḥamzahخلف عن حمزة
No taḥrīr for Khalaf has come up in the text collated so far.
Khallād ʿan Ḥamzahخلاد عن حمزة
al-sakt ʿalā lām al-taʿrīf
السكت على لام التعريفuṣūlA breathless pause on the lām of al- before a hamzah
- السكتsakt · with the pause
- التحقيقtaḥqīq · straight on, no pause
Muqaddam not yet set — not stated in the text collated so far.
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in continuous reading (waṣl)
bi-muṣayṭir
بِمُصَيْطِرٍfarshThe ṣād of bi-muṣayṭir in al-Ghāshiyah
- بِمُصَيْطِرٍ88:22
- الإشمامishmām · ṣād coloured toward zāymuqaddam
- الصاد الخالصةal-ṣād al-khāliṣah · pure ṣād
خلاف واجب khilāf wājib — every wajh is recited in a complete jamʿ · in waṣl and waqf alike
Primary reading — the muqaddam
- ishmāmbi-muṣayṭir
| bi-muṣayṭir ↓ · al-sakt ʿalā lām al-taʿrīf → | sakt السكت | taḥqīq التحقيق |
|---|---|---|
| ishmām الإشمام | ✓ | ✓ |
| al-ṣād al-khāliṣah الصاد الخالصة | — | ✓ |
Spelled out in the notes at 88:22.
The qirāʾah of al-Kisāʾī
قراءة الكسائيّNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of Abū Jaʿfar
قراءة أبو جعفرNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of Yaʿqūb
قراءة يعقوبNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.
The qirāʾah of Khalaf al-ʿĀshir
قراءة خلف العاشرNeither transmitter has a taḥrīr in the text collated so far.