Notes & justification
سُورَةُ الجن
al-Jinn— The Jinn
Notes & justification
The twelve places in the sūrah that open with وَأَنَّ — وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَٰلَىٰ، وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ يَقُولُ، وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّآ أَن لَّن تَقُولَ، وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالٌ، وَأَنَّهُمْ ظَنُّوا۟، وَأَنَّا لَمَسْنَا ٱلسَّمَآءَ، وَأَنَّا كُنَّا نَقْعُدُ، وَأَنَّا لَا نَدْرِىٓ، وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلصَّٰلِحُونَ، وَأَنَّا ظَنَنَّآ أَن لَّن نُّعْجِزَ ٱللَّهَ، وَأَنَّا لَمَّا سَمِعْنَا ٱلْهُدَىٰٓ، وَأَنَّا مِنَّا ٱلْمُسْلِمُونَ. Ibn ʿĀmir (al-Shāmī), Ḥafṣ, Ḥamzah and al-Kisāʾī (al-akhawān) and Khalaf read the hamzah with fatḥ in all of them; Abū Jaʿfar reads fatḥ in three — وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَٰلَىٰ، وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ يَقُولُ، وَأَنَّهُۥ كَانَ رِجَالٌ — and kasr in the remaining nine; the rest (Nāfiʿ, Ibn Kathīr, Abū ʿAmr, Shuʿbah, Yaʿqūb) read kasr in every one of them. Twelve places in all. (al-Budūr 329.) The Shāṭibiyyah line's second half gives the fatḥ of inna after the wāw to Ibn ʿĀmir (kaf of كَمْ), Ḥamzah and al-Kisāʾī (شَرَفًا) and Ḥafṣ (ʿayn of عَلَا); the Durrah line gives Abū Jaʿfar (alif of أَبْ) the fatḥ in وَأَنَّهُۥ تَعَٰلَىٰ, the places with كَانَ and that with لَمَّا, Yaʿqūb (ḥāʾ of حُزْ) تَقَوَّلَ for تَقُولَ, and Abū Jaʿfar قُلْ in قُلْ إِنَّمَآ.
Duʿāʾī, innī, then baytī are its (Nūḥ's) added yāʾs; and with the wāw open inna — kam (Ibn ʿĀmir), sharafan (Ḥamzah, al-Kisāʾī), ʿalā (Ḥafṣ).
Wa-annahu taʿālā, (the places with) kāna, and lammā: open them — ab (Abū Jaʿfar); taqūla: read taqawwala — ḥuz (Yaʿqūb); and qul innamā — alā (Abū Jaʿfar).
Read with kasr of the alif: the kasr, wherever it is read, takes the clause as a fresh start, cut off from what precedes. The fatḥ, wherever it is read, construes the clause with أُوحِىَ: أُوحِىَ is a passive verb, and أَنَّهُ ٱسْتَمَعَ stands in the place of its agent, so it is in the nominative position as the subject of a passive verb, and every following clause read with fatḥ is construed with it — except that وَأَنَّ ٱلْمَسَٰجِدَ لِلَّهِ may also be taken as 'and because the mosques belong to God, do not call' — i.e. call on no one alongside God, since the mosques are God's; and any other clause read with fatḥ that can properly be taken in that way may be. Every one of them has been read with fatḥ except those that come after a verb of saying or after a fāʾ: these are all kasr, without disagreement, because what follows a verb of saying is quoted speech, where inna takes kasr — as in قَالَ ٱللَّهُ إِنِّى مُنَزِّلُهَا عَلَيْكُمْ, a place where a sentence begins — and likewise after the fāʾ of the apodosis, a place for a subject and predicate, as in وَمَن يَعْصِ ٱللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُۥ فَإِنَّ لَهُۥ نَارَ جَهَنَّمَ. (al-Mūḍiḥ 3:1303.)
al-Sūsī's idghām kabīr of the dhāl of ٱتَّخَذَ into the ṣād of صَٰحِبَةࣰ. The first couplet lists the ten letters into which the dāl merges (the initials of its words); the second says the thāʾ merges into the first five of those, and the dhāl enters the ṣād and the sīn.
For the dāl: the initials of kilm, turb, sahl, dhakā, shadhā, ḍafā, thumma, zuhd, ṣidquhu, ẓāhir, jalā — the letters it merges into.
And in five — the first ones — its thāʾ (merges); and into the ṣād, then the sīn, the dhāl enters.