QirāʾātThe ten readings

سُورَةُ القلم

al-Qalam— The Pen

Sūrah 68 · Makkan
52 / 52 āyāt collated190 uṣūl · 21 farshḤafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim on top · 14 of 14 comparison rows shown
سُورَةُ القلمal-Qalam · Makkan · 52 āyāt
19 readers diverge
حفصḤafṣ
نٓ ۚ وَٱلْقَلَمِ وَمَا يَسْطُرُونَ

Notes & justification

﴿نٓ وَٱلْقَلَمِ﴾: سكت أبو جعفر على نون سكتة لطيفة من غير تنفس ويلزم منه الإظهار وأدغم نون ﴿نٓ﴾ في واو ﴿وَٱلْقَلَمِ﴾ مع الغنة ابن عامر وشعبة والكسائي ويعقوب وخلف في اختياره، وورش بخلف عنه، وأظهرها غيرهم، وهو الوجه الثاني لورش:

Abū Jaʿfar makes a light saktah on the nūn of نٓ, without taking breath, and the pause entails pronouncing the nūn clearly (iẓhār). The nūn of نٓ is assimilated, with ghunnah, into the wāw of وَٱلْقَلَمِ by Ibn ʿĀmir, Shuʿbah, al-Kisāʾī, Yaʿqūb and Khalaf in his own choice, and by Warsh with khulf from him; everyone else sounds it clearly, and that is Warsh's second wajh. The Shāṭibiyyah line gives the iẓhār of Yā-Sīn and Nūn to its code-group and names the khulf from Warsh in Nūn; the first Durrah line prescribes Abū Jaʿfar's saktah on the separate opening letters; the second gives the idghām of Yā-Sīn and Nūn to Khalaf and Yaʿqūb.

Abū Jaʿfarأبو جعفرHishām ʿan Ibn ʿĀmirهشامIbn Dhakwān ʿan Ibn ʿĀmirابن ذكوانShuʿbah ʿan ʿĀṣimشعبةal-KisāʾīالكسائيYaʿqūbيعقوبKhalaf al-ʿĀshirخلفWarsh ʿan Nāfiʿورش
(ش)al-Shāṭibiyyah
وَيَاسِينَ أَظْهِرْ عَنْ فَتىً حَقُّهُ بَدَاوَنُونَ وَفِيهِ الْخُلْفُ عَنْ وَرْشِهِمْ خَلَا

Yā-Sīn: pronounce it clearly for ʿan (Ḥafṣ), fatan (Ḥamzah), ḥaqquhu (Ibn Kathīr and Abū ʿAmr), badā (Qālūn); and Nūn likewise — and in it the khulf is from their Warsh.

(د)al-Durrah al-Muḍiyyah
حُرُوفَ التَّهَجِّي افْصِلْ بِسَكْتٍ كَحَا أَلِفْأَلَا يَخْدَعُونَ اعْلَمْ حِجىً وَاشْمِمًا طِلَا

Separate the letters of the opening sigla with a saktah — as in alif (the alif is Abū Jaʿfar's code); the second half-line turns to yakhdaʿūna and to the ishmām of al-Baqarah.

(د)al-Durrah al-Muḍiyyah
وَيَسٓنَ نُونَ ادْغِمْ فِداً حُطْ وَسِينَ مِيــمَ فُزْ يَلْهَثْ اظْهِرْ أُدْ وَفِي ارْكَبْ فَشَا أَلَا

Assimilate the nūn of Yā-Sīn and of Nūn — fidan (Khalaf), ḥuṭ (Yaʿqūb); and the sīn before the mīm (of Ṭā-Sīn-Mīm) — fuz (Khalaf); in yalhath pronounce clearly — ud (Abū Jaʿfar); and in irkab it is widespread — fashā (Khalaf).

﴿نٓ وَٱلْقَلَمِ﴾: قرئ بإخفاء النون، والوجه أنها نون ساكنة، لأن حروف التهجي مبنية على السكون وبعدها واو، والنون تخفى مع حروف الفم، فإن النون وإن كانت منفصلة عن الواو فإنها يقدَّر فيها الاتّصال بما بعدها، فلذلك أخفيت النون، لأن النون إنما تخفى مع حروف الفم إذا اتصلت بها، وهذه تجري مجرى المتصل. وقرئ بالإظهار، والوجه أن الإظهار هو الأصل والقياس، لأن حروف الهجاء في تقدير الانفصال مما بعدها، لمعنىً ذكرناه غير مرّةٍ، فوجب تبيين النون لذلك. (الموضح٣: ١٢٨٧).

It is read with the nūn concealed. The justification: it is a sākin nūn, since the letters of the alphabet are built on sukūn, and a wāw follows it; the nūn is concealed before the letters of the mouth, and although this nūn is separate from the wāw it is treated as joined to what follows — so the nūn was concealed, for a nūn is concealed before the mouth-letters only when it is joined to them, and this behaves as joined. It is also read with iẓhār: iẓhār is the original and the analogical form, because the letters of the alphabet are taken as separate from what follows, for a reason given more than once; hence the nūn must be sounded plainly. (al-Mūḍiḥ 3:1287)

Listenrecitations coming for each riwāyah
22 readers diverge
حفصḤafṣ
مَآ أَنتَ بِنِعْمَةِ رَبِّكَ بِمَجْنُونࣲ
Listenrecitations coming for each riwāyah
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حفصḤafṣ
وَإِنَّ لَكَ لَأَجْرًا غَيْرَ مَمْنُونࣲ
Listenrecitations coming for each riwāyah
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حفصḤafṣ
وَإِنَّكَ لَعَلَىٰ خُلُقٍ عَظِيمࣲ
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