The plural mīm
ميم الجمع
mīm al-jamʿ
The plural suffix ends in a mīm — عَلَيْهِمْ, أَنتُمْ, لَكُمْ. Ḥafṣ leaves it vowelless. Several readers instead give it a ḍammah followed by a w-glide, so عَلَيْهِمْ becomes عَلَيْهِمُو. Because these suffixes are everywhere, this single rule accounts for an enormous number of the cells in the tables.
How it sounds
Ibn Kathīr and Abū Jaʿfar connect it consistently; Qālūn permits both; the rest leave it silent before a consonant.
Example
عَلَيْهِمُو
al-Fātiḥah 1:7
Qālūn, Ibn Kathīr and Abū Jaʿfar connect. Ḥamzah and Yaʿqūb instead put a ḍammah on the hāʾ: عَلَيْهُمْ.
By reader
- Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣimحفصsilent before a consonant
- Qālūn ʿan Nāfiʿقالونboth permitted
- Ibn Kathīrابن كثيرconnects, with a w-glide
- Abū Jaʿfarأبو جعفرconnects, with a w-glide